Pinched nerve - Diagnosis and treatment (2024)

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Diagnosis

To diagnose a pinched nerve, your healthcare professional asks about your symptoms and conducts a physical exam.

If your healthcare professional suspects a pinched nerve, you may need some tests. These tests may include:

  • Blood tests. You may need tests to measure your fasting blood glucose or thyroid levels.
  • Spinal tap, also known as a lumbar puncture. This test collects a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the area surrounding your spinal cord. The CSF may be sent to a lab and examined for signs of inflammation or infection.
  • X-rays. These images show how the bones are positioned. They can reveal if there is narrowing or damage that could cause a pinched nerve.
  • Nerve conduction study. This test measures electrical nerve impulses and functioning in your muscles and nerves through electrodes placed on your skin. The study measures the electrical impulses in your nerve signals when a small current passes through the nerve. Test results can show whether you have a damaged nerve.
  • Electromyography (EMG). During an EMG, a needle electrode is inserted through your skin into various muscles. The test evaluates the electrical activity of your muscles when they contract and when they're at rest. Test results tell your healthcare professional if there is damage to the nerves leading to the muscles.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This test uses a powerful magnetic field and radio waves to produce detailed views of your body in multiple planes. This test may be used if your healthcare professional suspects you have nerve root compression.
  • High-resolution ultrasound. Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of structures within the body. It's helpful for diagnosing nerve compression syndromes, such as carpal tunnel syndrome.

More Information

  • Electromyography (EMG)
  • MRI

Treatment

The most frequently recommended treatment for a pinched nerve is rest for the affected area. Stop any activities that cause the compression or make symptoms worse.

Depending on the location of the pinched nerve, you may need a splint, collar or brace to immobilize the area. If you have carpal tunnel syndrome, you may need to wear a splint during the day and at night. The wrists flex and extend often during sleep.

Physical therapy

A physical therapist can teach you exercises that strengthen and stretch the muscles to relieve pressure on the nerve. The physical therapist also may recommend that you modify activities that aggravate the nerve.

Medications

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) or naproxen sodium (Aleve), can help relieve pain. Anti-seizure medicines such as gabapentin (Neurontin, Horizant, Gralise) may help nerve-related pain. Tricyclic medicines such as nortriptyline (Pamelor) and amitriptyline also may be used.

Corticosteroids, given by mouth or by injection, may help minimize pain and inflammation.

Surgery

If symptoms don't improve after several weeks to a few months of conservative treatments, you may need surgery. Surgery can take pressure off the nerve. The type of surgery varies depending on the location of the pinched nerve.

Surgery may involve removing bone spurs or a part of a herniated disk in the spine. For carpal tunnel syndrome, surgery involves cutting the carpal ligament to allow more room for the nerve to pass through the wrist.

More Information

  • Diskectomy

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Preparing for your appointment

You're likely to first see your healthcare professional. Because there's often a lot to discuss and time may be limited, it's a good idea to prepare for your appointment. Here's some information to help you get ready for your appointment and know what to expect.

What you can do

  • Be aware of any pre-appointment restrictions. At the time you make the appointment, ask if there's anything you need to do in advance. You might ask if you need to restrict your diet or wear loosefitting clothes if you need an imaging exam.
  • Write down any symptoms you're experiencing. Include any that may seem unrelated to the reason for which you scheduled the appointment.
  • Make a list of all medicines, vitamins or supplements that you're taking.
  • Take a family member or friend along, if possible. Sometimes it can be hard to remember all of the information provided to you during an appointment. Someone who accompanies you may remember something that you missed or forgot.
  • Write down questions to ask during the appointment.

Preparing a list of questions will help you make the most of your time during your appointment. For a suspected pinched nerve, some basic questions to ask include:

  • What's the most likely cause of my symptoms?
  • What kinds of tests do I need?
  • Is my condition likely temporary or long lasting?
  • What treatment do you recommend?
  • What are the alternatives to the primary approach that you're suggesting?
  • I have these other health conditions. How can I best manage these conditions together?
  • Are there any activity restrictions that I need to follow?
  • Are there any brochures or other printed material that I can take home with me? What websites do you recommend visiting?

In addition to the questions that you've prepared, don't hesitate to ask others during your appointment.

What to expect from your doctor

Your healthcare professional is likely to ask you a number of questions. They may include:

  • What are your symptoms? Do you feel pain, numbness, tingling or weakness?
  • Where, specifically, are you feeling these symptoms?
  • How long have you been experiencing these symptoms?
  • Have your symptoms been continuous or occasional?
  • Is there an activity or a position that triggers your symptoms?
  • Is there an activity or a position that relieves your symptoms?
  • Do you have a job or hobby that requires you to make repetitive motions?

By Mayo Clinic Staff

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Dec. 21, 2023

Print

  1. Pinched nerve information page. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Pinched-Nerve-Information-Page. Accessed Sept. 21, 2021.
  2. Rutkove SB. Overview of lower extremity peripheral nerve syndromes. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Sept. 21, 2021.
  3. Overview and evaluation of hand disorders. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/musculoskeletal-and-connective-tissue-disorders/hand-disorders/overview-and-evaluation-of-hand-disorders?qt=&sc=&alt. Accessed Sept. 21, 2021.
  4. Cervical radiculopathy (pinched nerve). American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00332. Accessed Sept. 21, 2021.
  5. Rutkove SB. Overview of upper extremity peripheral nerve syndromes. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Sept. 21, 2021.
  6. Ferri FF. Carpal tunnel syndrome. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2024. Elsevier; 2024. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Oct. 23, 2023.
  7. Spinal stenosis. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/spinal-stenosis. Accessed Oct. 24, 2023.
  8. Rakel D, et al., eds. Peripheral neuropathy. In: Integrative Medicine. 5th ed. Elsevier; 2023. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Oct. 24, 2023.
  9. Azar FM, et al. Compressive neuropathies of the hand, forearm and elbow. In: Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics. 14th ed. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Oct. 24, 2023.

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Associated Procedures

  • Diskectomy
  • Electromyography (EMG)
  • MRI

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